Pipe elbows size data

Elbow Size

An elbow is a pipe fitting installed between two lengths of pipe or tubing to allow a change of direction, usually a 90° or 45° angle, though 22.5° elbows are also made.

The ends may be machined for butt welding, threaded (usually female), or socketed, etc. When the two ends differ in size, the fitting is called a reducing elbow or reducer elbow.

Long and Short Radius

By default, there are 5 opportunities, the 45°, 90° and 180° elbows, all three in the "long radius" version, and in addition the 90° and 180° elbows both in the "short radius" version.

Long radius (LR) elbows

Long radius elbowsLong Radius (LR) Elbows – radius is 1.5 times the pipe diameter

Short radius (SR) elbows

Short radius elbowsShort Radius (SR) Elbows – radius is 1.0 times the pipe diameter

Elbows are split into two groups which define the distance over which they change direction; the center line of one end to the opposite face. This is known as the "center to face" distance and is equivalent to the radius through which the elbow is bent.

Here below, for example, you will find the center to face distance of NPS 2 elbows (the A distance on the image)

  • 90°-LR : = 1½ x 2(NPS) x 25.4A=76.2 mm
  • 180°-LR : = 2 times the 90° LR elbowA=152.4 mm
  • 90°-SR : = 2(NPS) x 25.4A=50.8 mm
  • 180°-SR : = 2 times the 90° SR elbowA=101.6 mm

The center to face distance for a "long" radius elbow, abbreviated LR always is "1½ x Nominal Pipe Size (NPS) (1½D)", while the center to face distance for a "short" radius elbow, abbreviated SR even is to nominal pipe size.


3D elbows as an example, are calculated with:
3(D) x 2(NPS) x 25.4

Note:
  • 90 Degree Elbow – where change in direction required is 90°
  • 45度弯头,change in direction required is 45°
  • L/R - Long radius, S/R - Short radius
Nominal pipe size Outside Diameter
at Bevel
Center to End Center to Center Back to Faces
45° Elbows 90°Elbows 180°Return
H
F
P
K

DN

INCH

Series A Series B LR LR SR LR
SR
LR
SR
15
1/2
21.3
18
16
38
-
76
-
48
-
20
3/4
26.9
25
16
38
-
76
-
51
-
25
1
33.7
32
16
38
25
76
51
56
41
32
11/4
42.4
38
20
48
32
95
64
70
52
40
11/2
48.3
45
24
57
38
114
76
83
62
50
2
60.3
57
32
76
51
152
102
106
81
65
21/2
76.1(73)
76
40
95
64
191
127
132
100
80
3
88.9
89
47
114
76
229
152
159
121
90
31/2
101.6
-
55
133
89
267
178
184
140
100
4
114.3
108
63
152
102
305
203
210
159
125
5
139.7
133
79
190
127
381
254
262
197
150
6
168.3
159
95
229
152
457
305
313
237
200
8
219.1
219
126
305
203
610
406
414
313
250
10
273.0
273
158
381
254
762
508
518
391
300
12
323.9
325
189
457
305
914
610
619
467
350
14
355.6
377
221
533
356
1067
711
711
533
400
16
406.4
426
253
610
406
1219
813
813
610
450
18
457.2
478
284
686
457
1372
914
914
686
500
20
508.0
529
316
762
508
1524
1016
1016
762
550
22
559
-
347
838
559
600
24
610
630
379
914
610
650
26
660
-
410
991
660
700
28
711
720
442
1067
711
750
30
762
-
473
1143
762
800
32
813
820
505
1219
813
850
34
864
-
537
1295
864
900
36
914
920
568
1372
914
950
38
965
-
600
1448
965
1000
40
1016
1020
631
1524
1016
1050
42
1067
-
663
1600
1067
1100
44
1118
1120
694
1676
1118
1150
46
1168
-
726
1753
1168
1200
48
1220
1220
758
1829
1219
Note:
  1. Do not use the figures in the parenthesis as far as possible
  2. Please first select A series.

Weight of elbows

NPS
inches
ELBOWS
LR 90°
ELBOWS
SR 90°
Sch.
5S
Sch.
10S
Sch.
40S
Sch.
80S
Sch.
5S
Sch.
10S
Sch.
40S
Sch.
80S
1/2 0.05 0.06 0.08 0.10 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.07
3/4 0.06 0.07 0.09 0.11 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07
1 0.09 0.15 0.18 0.20 0.06 0.10 0.12 0.13
1 1/4 0.13 0.20 0.25 0.35 0.09 0.13 0.17 0.12
1 1/2 0.18 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.12 0.20 0.27 0.33
2 0.30 0.50 0.70 0.90 0.20 0.33 0.47 0.60
2 1/2 0.60 0.85 1.35 1.80 0.40 0.60 0.90 1.20
3 0.90 1.30 2.00 2.90 0.60 0.90 1.35 1.90
4 1.40 2.00 4.00 5.90 0.90 1.35 2.65 3.90
5 2.90 3.60 6.50 9.70 1.95 2.40 4.35 6.50
6 4.00 5.00 10.5 16.0 2.70 3.35 7.00 10.5
8 7.40 10.0 21.5 33.5 4.90 6.70 14.5 22.5
10 13.6 16.8 38.5 52.5 9.10 11.2 25.6 35.0
12 23.4 27.0 59.0 79.0 15.6 18.0 39.5 53.0
14 29.0 35.0 70.0 94.0 19.3 23.5 47.0 63.0
16 41.3 47.0 95.0 125 27.5 31.5 63.5 84.0
18 51.8 59.0 120 158 34.5 39.5 80.0 105
20 73.0 85.0 146 194 49.0 57.0 98.0 129
24 122 140 210 282 82.0 94.0 140 188
Approximate weights in kg, density 8 kg/dm3

Angularity Tolerances

ND Max off angle Max off plane
Q P
1/2 a 4 1 2
5 a 8 2 4
10 a 12 3 5
14 a 16 3 7
18 a 24 4 10
26 a 30 5 10
32 a 42 5 13
44 a 48 5 20

Key Specifications/Special Features and Materials:

the material is selected accoding to the application use such as high temperature use,sanitary fitting,regular industrial use etc.

Application of pipe elbows: Petroleum, chemical, power, gas, metallurgy, shipbuilding, construction, etc.

Wall Thickness of Elbows

The weakest point on an elbow is the inside radius. ASME B16.9 only standardizes the center to face dimensions and some "squareness" dimensional tolerances. The wall thickness at the weld line location even is standardized, but not through the rest of an elbow. The standard states that the minimum tolerance will be within 12.5% of the minimum ordered wall thickness of the pipe. A maximum tolerance is specified only at the ends of the fitting.

Fitting specification, Standard and identification

There are different varieties of pipe fittings made of various materials and available in various shapes and sizes.